UUID v4 generates 128-bit identifiers using 122 random bits (6 bits are fixed for version and variant). This yields 2^122 possible values — approximately 5.3 × 10^36 — making collisions statistically negligible for any practical use case. The underlying crypto.random() (or equivalent) ensures cryptographically strong randomness. The implementation follows RFC 4122, producing the canonical 8-4-4-4-12 hex format.